Mailbox T-______

Last name ______________ First ___________________........... points ___ / ___

Homework: Due Friday, June 8

I. Put these descriptions in the correct column

• a. the way in which sounds are stored in the mind
• b. are official "members" of a language's sounds system (including, for example, five vowels in Japanese)
• c. the way in which sounds are actually pronounced
• d. are in predictable distribution when they belong to the same phoneme
• e. contrast and change word meaning if they are changed
• f. are phonetically similar

II. Reading

These are sentences from your reading assignments. Using the words below, complete the sentences. Some words can be used twice.

• distribution
• phonetic
• consonant
• phonetically
• segments
• articulations
• environment
• minimal pairs
• slashes
• brackets
• phonology
• articulatory
• language
• vowel

1. ____________________ is the study of how sounds vary and pattern in language.

2. Since we will be dealing with many languages besides English, you will come across some ________________ symbols that have not yet been discussed. ___________________ descriptions will be provided for these unfamiliar sounds.

3. _____________________ are said to contrast when their presence alone is responsible for forms having different meanings. Both _____________ and _______________ segments may contrast with each other. Which ______________ contrast with each other varies from ____________ to ____________ .

4. _____________________ are defined as two phonetic forms that differ by one segment that is in the same position in both forms, which causes the forms to have different meanings. ___________________ tell us that sounds contrast.

5. Two _____________________ similar segments are in complementary ______________ when they never occur in the same phonetic environment.

6. Linguists say that these segments are phonetically different since they have different ________________ .

7. Phonemes are indicated with _____________ , and allophones are indicated with _________________ .

8. In phonology, _______________ refers to the phonetic context [situation] in which the segments occur.