What were some of the results of the Civil War?

• Slavery ended
• Suffrage for black men
• The North won = the country was reunified
• Reconstruction (until 1877) and then Redemption
• Acceleration of industrial growth, began during the war, continues
  • War increases industrial growth
    • Mobilization requires weapons, boots, etc., and railroads to transport them
  • A different kind of relationship develops between the government and large industry: the government "orders" very large quantities of supplies
• The United States has become the most productive industrial economy in the world (within 35 years)
  • The difference between a manufacturing economy and an industrial economy: in an industrial economy everything is made by machine
  • Changed society and the entire class system (a large wealthy and a large very poor working class developed, as well as a growing middle class of teachers, lawyers, factory managers, etc. who aspire to be more like the upper class)
  • Advertising develops

How did an industrial economy develop?

• The railroads were a key sector because they attracted capital (money)
• Industries expanded quickly and they wanted to
  • Dominate their competitors
  • Dominate raw materials
    • Two types of integration
      • Vertical: meatpacking -- controlling everything from bottom to top -- from slaughter houses to packing plants, to railroads to stores
        • Also controlled prices this way
      • Horizontal: oil industry -- buying out all competitors (example: Standard Oil and Trust)
• Productivity of labor was increased
  • Mechanization = use new new technology to accelerate the work
    • Result of mechanization
      • Less-skilled labor needed
        • Poor immigrants hired
      • People begin working for someone else