1. Native Americans originally came to North America from ________ . (England, Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East, Indiana)
2. When Columbus arrived in North America in 1492 there were over ______ different American Indian cultures. (100, 200, 300)
3. Western separation of sacred and secular was _________ to Native Americans. (without meaning, understandable, similar)
4. Native Americans passed on their music and history ______ , not by writing it down. (orally, in smoke signals, in books)
5. Native Americans had ________ words to denote music as it was something done along with something else like working, or performing ritual. (no, few, many)
6. Native American music was essentially ______, with rattles as the most common instrument. (instrumental, vocal, electronic)
7. Native Americans played flute and sometimes sang in _______ (above normal singing range). (bass, trusetto, falsetto)
8. Native Americans often would sing in ______ which were consonant-vowel clusters. (vocables, glissandos, arpeggios, the shower)
9. Native Americans often sang in call and response, receiving their music in ________. (a book, shape notes, a vision)
10. After captivity, Native Americans from different tribes began to meet in _______ as multicultural celebrations. (camp meetings, pow wows, casinos)
11. (true or false) Folk Music is informal, traditional, simple, unpretentious, generally easy to play and may be either instrumental or vocal.
12. (true or false) Folk music in North America had as its source the music from England, Ireland, Wales, Germany, other European countries, and Africa (West Africa).
13. ______ are the most common of all folk songs - basically stories told to song. (ballads, hymns, chanteys, lullabies)
14. Authors of folk songs are often ___________. Over time, song is the product of several people and still is subject to changes today. (well known, unknown or forgotten, from Tin Pan Alley)
15. _______ form is the most common form of song in which verses are sung over the same tune with an evolving text for variety. (strophic, 12 bar blues, broadside)
16. Where in America did the folk music tradition survive? (remote rural and mountainous areas, cities, public schools)
17. Africans were brought to North America as slaves as early as the ______, around the time of the Pilgrims. (1600's, 1700's, 1800's)
18. The banjo got its name from the __________. one of the first American musical instruments. (big band era, banjar of Africa, band Jo Cocker)
19. What is it called when you make up music as you go along? (classical, folk, improvisation, play by memory)
20. Which does African music favor: rhythm or melody? (rhythm, melody)
21. This period known as the ________ is best defined as a period of intense religious controversy in Europe. (Dark Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical)
22. ________ believed that the only texts to be used in church for singing had to be taken from the Bible and these were to be from the old testament book of Psalms - 150 inspirational verses previously sung but whose music had been lost over time. (Martin Luther, William Billings, John Calvin)
23. Faced with Bible text that did not rhyme nor have a meter, some early protestants translated words to verses with a regular number of lines and set accents. This music was called _________. (spirituals, fuging tunes, psalm tunes).
24. Psalm singing became a unique expression of the people who first came to North America and is a type of folk music that was sung from ________. (Psalters, memory, hymn books, broadsides).
25. Calvinists sang unaccompanied and in unison which is also known as _______. (lining out, a cappella, fuging tunes).
26. What was the first book of any kind that was printed in North America? (Bay Psalm Book, Geneva Psalter, Sternhold and Hopkins)
27. What did church leaders do to teach the psalm tunes since most people did not read music? (lining out, a cappella, fuging tunes).
28. What were talented amateur musicians called who taught music in meeting houses, churches, and schools? (conductors, singing school masters, pilgrims)
29. __________ consist of two sections the first of which is chordal or homophonic followed by staggered entrances, thus moving from homophonic to polyphonic texture. (fuging tunes, anthems, canons, rounds)
30. Who was the singing school teacher and composer of the First New England School to publish his own book of tunes all of his own composition? (William Billings, Daniel Read, John Antes)
31. What was the predominant style of art in the 19th century (1825-1900) that typically found inspiration in nature, expressed a spirit of independence, and had a fascination for the unknown? (Classicism, Romanticism, Nationalism, Transcendentalism)
32. What composer (Nearer My God to Thee) and educator lead the reform of American Music that favored the European model of notation and harmony? William Billings, Lowell Mason, Thomas Hastings, William Bradbury)
33. What is the popular 19th century music notation system created by amateur teachers to teach singing. (Shape-note notation, standard notation, tablature)
34. What is the name of the type of show that was a form of entertainment popular in England in the late 18th century in which white men blackened their faces and portrayed African Americans? (Vaudeville, Burlesque, Minstrel, Operetta)
35. What group lead by Dan Emmett (who composed Dixie's Land) formed the first independent minstrel show? (Virginia Minstrels, Christy Minstrels, The Hutchinsons)
36. (true or false) The fiddle, banjo, tambourine, bones, and concertina were all used in Minstrel Shows.
37. Who was considered the most outstanding writer of popular song prior to the Civil War? (James Bland, Stephen Foster, John Philip Sousa)
38. What was the most popular song in both England and America during the 19th Century? (Amazing Grace, Near My God To Thee, Home Sweet Home)
39. Who were the most famous of the Singing families who over time presented material on radical social themes - temperance, women's rights and suffrage, and abolition of slavery? (the Carters, the Hutchinsons, the Adams)
40. Who is best remembered for writing The Stars And Stripes Forever and is known as the March King? (Patrick Gilmore, Francis Scott Key, Robert Burns, John Philip Sousa)
41. (true or false) In the first half of the 19th century people still enjoyed both classical and popular music but in the second half of the 19th century classical composers evolved more complex harmonies and included more dissonance while popular song writers wrote music that was easy to listen to.
42. (true or false) Ragtime was a Music led by American Jews, and Tin Pan Alley was led by black musicians.
43. The term "rag" meant to ______ the music in a new way. (syncopate, synchronize, even out)
44. ________ originally was a piano form that was written down rather than improvised. (boogie woogie, ragtime, stride, swing)
45. ________ is the acknowledged King of ragtime and is best remembered for the "Maple Leaf Rag." (Eubie Blake, Jelly Roll Morton, Scott Joplin, John Philip Sousa)
46. ________ refers to the popular music business aimed at writing songs for money and was named in reference to sounds of many pianos at once heard in the alley. (Broadway, Tin Pan Alley, Brooklyn Street)
47. _________ demonstrated songs by playing them and singing them for customers and theater performers as theaters were the places where most people heard new tunes. (song pluggers, music salesman, publishers)
48. _________ form is a common song form in which verses relate the song's story alternating with a tuneful chorus, or refrain. (round, strophic, call and response, verse-chorus)
49. _________ was a very successful tin pan alley song writer best remembered for writing "White Christmas" and "God Bless America." (George Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, Jerome Kern)
50. (true or false) The decline of Tin Pan Alley came after WWII as sentimental songs were replaced by more humorous, nonsensical novelty songs and light-hearted, Latin rhythms, while country and Western began to compete with the urban song style. Chapter 8 - Country-Western and Urban Folk Music
51. In 1925, four musicians from Virginia who called themselves the Hill Billies made a recording of country folk music that later became known as ________ music. (Billy bob, Billy hill, Hillbilly, Old time)
52. What famous Hillbilly musician accompanied himself on the guitar. yodeled, was known as the "singing brakeman," and was the first person elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame? (Tex Ridder, Johnny Cash, Woody Guthrie, Jimmie Rodgers)
53. In the 1920's and 30's the ________, known for their tense and high pitched vocal style accompanied on the guitar and autoharp, collected and arranged hundreds of American traditional, spiritual, and folk songs thus laying a foundation to modern country music. (Hill Billies, Carter Family, Bluegrass Boys, Hutchinsons)
54. What was the best known country music radio show that started back in the 1920's featuring parlor songs, gospel hymns, ballads, and work songs all of which were usually accompanied by fiddle, banjo, or guitar. (The Grand Ole Opry, American Bandstand, Barn dance Concert Hall)
55. Who was the musician from Kentucky in the 1930's and 40's who blended old time string band music with the holler of the blues and the virtuosic instrumental playing of Jazz and became the father of bluegrass music? (Bob Wills, Earl Scruggs, Lester Flatt, Bill Monroe, Colonel Sanders)
56. What music comes out Louisiana and is a blend of French and African American traditions that is generally light hearted, filled with dance rhythms and catchy melodies, and is dominated by the accordion. (Cajun, Western Swing, Honky-tonk, Bluegrass)
57. Who was the country star who started the first modern music-publishing company in Nashville in 1942 and was the link between Old-time radio, medicine shows, hotel room recording sessions and modern commercial country music? (Johnny Cash, Roy Acuff, Roy Rogers, Woody Guthrie)
58. What is the name of the music that combines country music with influences of western states such as elements of Mariachi sounds of Mexico in Texas, Cajun music in Louisiana, Hawaiian steel guitar and lonesome cowboy music as well. (Country Western, Zydeco, Country Swing, Western Swing)
59. What is the name of the music that continued using the themes of country music but incorporated the rhythms and instrumentation of rock and roll? (Hillbilly, Rockabilly, Billyrock, Country Swing)
60. What was the name of the folk revival movement that formed an important tie between country music and mainstream pop that included the Kingston Trio, Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, and New Christy Minstrels? (Honky-tonk, Nashville sound, Urban folk revival, Cowboy)
61. The _____ age, (also known as the "Roaring Twenties") came while there was a booming economy after WW1, when the spirit of celebration was in the air, and when people were interested in getting out to go dancing or to take in a movie or a baseball game. (blues, jazz, swing, rock and roll)
62. After the civil War, blacks expanded the field hollers into solo songs of three lines of text of four measures per line. This original American musical form is called __________. (classic blues, twelve bar blues, three line blues, urban blues)
63. _________ was usually songs of love (gone wrong) sung by women accompanied by a band and was primarily conceived for entertainment performed in theater and clubs and on commercially distributed recordings. (classic blues, twelve bar blues, three line blues, urban blues)
64. Who was the great female classic blues vocalist that followed Bessie Smith (Empress of the Blues), had straddled the style of jazz and pop, and was known for her microphonizing her voice? (Billie Hill, Janis Joplin, Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Billie Holiday)
65. What kind of blues came from trying to popularize the blues to a more mainstream (white audience) where it became more complex in form and more sophisticated in harmony? (classic blues, twelve bar blues, three line blues, urban blues)
66. Storyville red-light district was famous for gambling saloons, bordellos, and dance halls where many jazz musicians got their start in the city of __________. (Chicago, New York, Detroit, New Orleans)
67. As the Storyville district was being shut down for illegal activities _______ drew many jazz musicians to become the new center for jazz in the 1920's. (Chicago, New York, Detroit, New Orleans)
68. What New Orleans jazz musician added virtuosic techniques and highly creative solo improvisations to the evolving jazz style? (W. C. Handy, Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton)
69. What new blues piano style had right hand syncopated melodies and highly rhythmic left hand figures (eight-to-the-bar) and was freely improvised as opposed to the written ragtime piano pieces? (boogie-woogie, sweet jazz, stride, classic blues)
70. What was a more tame jazz styling that became popular among white audiences in the 1920's and was especially promoted by the Paul Whiteman Orchestra? (boogie-woogie, sweet jazz, stride, urban jazz)
71. Being more affluent and not knowing the depression years nor the War years of their parents, the "baby boom" generation seemed restless for excitement and filled with a new idealism which led to a break in communication between parents and teens. This was known as _________ (payola, dysfunctional families, the generation gap, materialism)
72. Teens in the 50's were not drawn to sentimental songs of the popular mainstream nor to the dissonant and primarily instrumental music of modern jazz, but found themselves drawn to __________. (surf music, Motown, Bebop, black gospel and rhythm and blues)
73. (true or false) In the 1950's, Country music and R&B had in common that they were both mainstream, both rooted in the north, both not danceable, and were in dialects that were the same as the main stream.
74. What country-western group that had the hits "Shake, Rattle, and Roll" and "Rock around the Clock" combined western swing with elements of black rhythm and blues, and were the first to introduce the music known as rock and roll? (The Beach Boys, The Byrds, Bill Haley and the comets, Bill Monroe and the Moondogs)
75. What country western soloist known for his beautiful voice and swinging his hips became one of the most famous rock and roll singers? (Elvis Presley, Bo Diddley, Chuck Berry, Little Richard)
76. What group became famous for singing surfing songs about having fun in the sun in southern California? (Bo Diddley, The Beatles, The Beach Boys, The Byrds)
77. What style of music started by Barry Gordon and made most famous by the Supremes came out of Detroit in the late 1950's early 60's ? (surf music, Motown, Bebop, black gospel and rhythm and blues)
78. What group that started as a Liverpool gang and later singing group became the most famous of groups during the British Invasion of the 1960's? (Bo Diddley, The Beatles, The Beach Boys, The Byrds)
79. Although rock music was primarily a black concept, it was most popular as a white music to white audiences. Blacks found a new sound in the recordings of Aretha Franklin, James Brown, and Ray Charles in updating rhythm and blues into ______ music. (Funk, folk rock, acid rock, Soul)
80. The _________ Festival was the culmination of the 1960's music and cultural experience and was attended by more than 400,000 people. It promoted a mind set of be here now, sex, drugs, and discontentment with the establishment. (Monterey Folk. Woodstock Rock, Santa Monica Surf Music)
81. What British group's music was close in style to rhythm and blues, was led by Mick Jagger, and bridged the gap from the 1960's to the 70's with their aggressive songs of revolt and destruction? (Beatles, Rolling Stones. The Who, Pink Floyd, Yes)
82. What is the name of the style of music that mostly came from England, and that blends serious concert music and rock and was represented by the groups Genesis, King Crimson, Pink Floyd, and Yes? (Punk, Art Rock, New Wave, Funk, Disco)
83. What was the rock style having interracial connotations that formed a kind of bridge between black and white musicians and was represented by such groups as Earth, Wind & Fire, Kool and the Gang, and the commodores? (Punk, Art Rock, New Wave, Funk, Disco)
84. What was the name of a commercial dance music that got its start in post-World War II France, topped the pop charts in 1975, and was promoted by the movie Saturday Night Fever in 1977? (Punk, Art Rock, New Wave, Funk, Disco)
85. What was the name of the music that came from poor, unemployed British who were resentful of social inequities, political hypocrisy, and rich rock stars, and used art concepts of shock value, performance art, fashion and influenced art and fashion around the world in terms of dress, hair, and makeup? (Punk, Art Rock, New Wave, Funk, Disco)
86. What term was loosely applied to several sounds of the mid-eighties that was considered then as new and progressive, conceived with the aid of modern studio and electronic techniques and whose groups emulated the fashions but not the violence or anger of punk bands? (Punk, Art Rock, New Wave, Funk, Disco)
87. By the mid 1980's, popularity shifted from new wave to a mainstream rock, whose most successful star was __________ (also known as "the Boss"). (Prince, Bruce Springsteen, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Sting)
88. Teenagers of the 1990's (Generation X) found a means to express their fears and frustrations about economic uncertainty, family instability, violence in the media and on the streets, etc. through rapid spoken words accompanied by funk-style rhythms called _________. (grunge, ska, hip hop, bop, rap, r&b)
89. ____________ , unlike the spirituals sung at camp meetings a century ago, has added many secular elements like electric bass, keyboards and even hip hop flavors into the music and has become the fifth largest selling music trailing behind r&b, alternative, rap, and country. (Christian rock, contemporary black gospel, spiritual, contemporary Christian)
90. What music combined the aggression of heavy metal with a melodic element reminiscent of the Beatles, came out of the Northwest, and is sometimes called the Seattle sound? (grunge, ska, hip hop, bop, rap, r&b)
91. After the Civil War years, theater, especially musical theater, became increasingly popular in America with ________ at the center of theater activity? (Chicago, New York, Detroit, Hollywood, Salem)
92. What form of musical entertainment followed and eventually replaced minstrel shows in popularity by involving different performers for each act and providing a greater variety of entertainment to amuse and amaze an eager yet unsophisticated audience? (Vaudeville, Revues, Burlesque, Musical Comedy, Operetta)
93. What was another kind of variety show other then vaudeville in the last half of the 19th century that was based on satire in which something important is ridiculed or something silly is given mock dignity and included striptease performances between acts? (Vaudeville, Revues, Burlesque, Musical Comedy, Operetta)
94. What type of musical variety show still popular today has lovely costumes, extravagant sets, and lots of beautiful women all based on a common theme rather than a plot relating the scenes? (Vaudeville, Revues, Burlesque, Musical Comedy, Operetta)
95. Gilbert and Sullivan's H. M. S. Pinafore is one of the most famous examples of what form of musical theater in which the music and dancing are closely integrated with the plot? (Vaudeville, Revues, Burlesque, Musical Comedy, Operetta)
96. What musical theater was virtually created by George M. Cohan and blended the popular entertainment of vaudeville with the integrated plot found in operettas? (Vaudeville, Revues, Burlesque, Musical Comedy, Operetta)
97. What was the landmark show in the 1920's by Jerome Kern based on a novel whose story addressed highly sensitive social topics, and had melodies that were associated with particular characters? (West Side Story, Oklahoma, Show Boat, Sunday in the Park with George)
98. What musical by Rodgers and Hammerstein became a landmark work in the history of the Broadway musical because it had no opening extravaganza, no chorus line, and no added songs outside of the plot ... but had irresistible tunes, believable characters and situations and expressive story-dance. (West Side Story, Oklahoma, Show Boat, Sunday in the Park with George)
99. What musical based on William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet by Leonard Bernstein (choreographed by Jerome Robbins) furthered a heighten sense of dance on the musical stage. (West Side Story, Oklahoma, Show Boat, Sunday in the Park with George)
100. What musical did Stephen Sondheim write that won him a Pulitzer prize for drama and was more sentimental and optimistic than most of his other works? (West Side Story, Oklahoma, Show Boat, Sunday in the Park with George)
101. (true or false) In the early days of film, it was common to have musicians performing not only during the movie but before and after as well. The pianist, organist, or pit orchestra also contributed to covering the sound of the film projector as well. They were all put out of work in the 1930's when sound was applied to film.
102. A ________ is the movie's music that evokes moods, defines cultures, authenticates historical periods and reveals personality traits difficult to put in dialogue. (soundtrack, film score, Mickey Mousing, temp, source music, functional music)
103. What is it called when music emanates from within a scene in the movie, such as from a radio, phonograph, or a musical instrument apparent to characters and movie audience alike? (soundtrack, film score, Mickey Mousing, temp, source music, functional music)
104. What is it called when film music is not heard by the characters in the film but is heard by the film's viewers? (soundtrack, film score, Mickey Mousing, temp, source music, functional music)
105. What part of a film includes all the dialogue, sound effects, and music for a film? (soundtrack, film score, Mickey Mousing, temp, source music, functional music)
106. What is it called when the score to a film is best described as a lavishly varied orchestral sound? (soundtrack, classical Hollywood film score, New Age, minimalism)
107. What kind of films in the 1950's adopted the large-sounding effects of the full-blown orchestral score enhanced by the increasingly sophisticated synthesized sound? (dramas, suspense thrillers, musicals, science fiction spectaculars)
108. Who returned the romantic sound of the classical film score to popular favor, adapting the symphony orchestra for the modern recording studio in his stunning scores for disaster films? (Leonard Bernstein, John Williams, Alfred Newman, Max Steiner, Erich Korngold)
109. In contrast to symphonic Hollywood film scores, what kind of music began to accompany films around 1950 and received even more emphasis in the 1960's? (classical Hollywood film score, pop scores, rock scores, electronic scores)
110. (true or false) When the filmscore is finished it usually ends up in the movie just as it was written.